253 Species in Genus Eryngium – Sea Holly

What is Sea Holly?

My name is Ferb Vu, and I’ve always been drawn to the unique and the unexpected in the plant world. That’s why I find myself captivated by the genus Eryngium, commonly known as sea holly. These plants, with their spiky, almost extraterrestrial appearance, bring a touch of drama and intrigue to any garden. They’re tough, resilient, and surprisingly versatile, thriving in conditions that would send other plants running for cover.

A Diverse and Global Family

What truly fascinates me about Eryngium is its sheer diversity. This genus boasts over 250 species scattered across the globe, each with its own distinct personality. From the towering, amethyst-hued Eryngium amethystinum of the Mediterranean to the silvery-white Eryngium giganteum that graces the Caucasus mountains, there’s an Eryngium for every taste and climate.

  1. Eryngium absconditum Esquivel Mattos & C.I.Calviño
  2. Eryngium agavifolium Griseb.
  3. Eryngium alismifolium Greene
  4. Eryngium aloifolium Mart. ex Urb.
  5. Eryngium alpinum L.
  6. Eryngium alternatum J.M.Coult. & Rose
  7. Eryngium amethystinum L.
  8. Eryngium amorginum Rech.f.
  9. Eryngium andicola H.Wolff
  10. Eryngium anomalum Hook. & Arn.
  11. Eryngium antiatlanticum Jury
  12. Eryngium aquaticum L.
  13. Eryngium aquifolium Cav.
  14. Eryngium arenosum C.I.Calviño & G.A.Levin
  15. Eryngium argyreum Maire
  16. Eryngium aristulatum Jeps.
  17. Eryngium armatum (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. & Rose
  18. Eryngium aromaticum Baldwin
  19. Eryngium articulatum Hook.
  20. Eryngium atacamense A.Padin & C.I.Calviño
  21. Eryngium atlanticum Batt. & Pit.
  22. Eryngium babadaghense G.E.Genç, Akalın & Wörz
  23. Eryngium balansae H.Wolff
  24. Eryngium baldwinii Spreng.
  25. Eryngium beckii M.Mend.
  26. Eryngium beecheyanum Hook. & Arn.
  27. Eryngium billardierei F.Delaroche
  28. Eryngium bithynicum Boiss.
  29. Eryngium bolivianum M.Mend.
  30. Eryngium bonplandii F.Delaroche
  31. Eryngium bornmuelleri Nábělek
  32. Eryngium bourgatii Gouan
  33. Eryngium brasiliense Constance
  34. Eryngium buchtienii H.Wolff
  35. Eryngium bungei Boiss.
  36. Eryngium bupleuroides Hook. & Arn.
  37. Eryngium caeruleum M.Bieb.
  38. Eryngium caespitiferum Font Quer & Pau
  39. Eryngium calaster Standl.
  40. Eryngium campestre L.
  41. Eryngium canaliculatum Cham. & Schltdl.
  42. Eryngium cardosii Clos
  43. Eryngium carlinae F.Delaroche
  44. Eryngium carlinoides Boiss.
  45. Eryngium castrense Jeps.
  46. Eryngium cerradense P.Esquivel Mattos & C.I.Calviño
  47. Eryngium cervantesii F.Delaroche
  48. Eryngium chamissonis Urb.
  49. Eryngium × chevalieri Sennen
  50. Eryngium chubutense Neger ex Dusén
  51. Eryngium ciliatum Cham. & Schltdl.
  52. Eryngium columnare Hemsl.
  53. Eryngium comosum F.Delaroche
  54. Eryngium constancei M.Y.Sheikh
  55. Eryngium coquimbanum Phil. ex Urb.
  56. Eryngium corallinum Mathias & Constance
  57. Eryngium corniculatum Lam.
  58. Eryngium coronatum Hook. & Arn.
  59. Eryngium crassifolium A.Padin & C.I.Calviño
  60. Eryngium crassisquamosum Hemsl.
  61. Eryngium creticum Lam.
  62. Eryngium cuneifolium Small
  63. Eryngium cylindricum Larrañaga
  64. Eryngium cymosum F.Delaroche
  65. Eryngium davisii Kit Tan & Yıldız
  66. Eryngium deppeanum Schltdl. & Cham.
  67. Eryngium depressum Hook. & Arn.
  68. Eryngium desertorum Zohary
  69. Eryngium dichotomum Desf.
  70. Eryngium diffusum Torr.
  71. Eryngium dilatatum Lam.
  72. Eryngium divaricatum Hook. & Arn.
  73. Eryngium dorae C.Norman
  74. Eryngium duriaei J.Gay ex Boiss.
  75. Eryngium dusenii H.Wolff
  76. Eryngium ebracteatum Lam.
  77. Eryngium eburneum Decne. ex Hérincq
  78. Eryngium echinatum Urb.
  79. Eryngium ekmanii H.Wolff
  80. Eryngium elegans Cham. & Schltdl.
  81. Eryngium eriophorum Cham. & Schltdl.
  82. Eryngium erzincanicum Yıld.
  83. Eryngium eurycephalum Malme
  84. Eryngium expansum F.Muell.
  85. Eryngium falcatum F.Delaroche
  86. Eryngium falcifolium Irgang
  87. Eryngium × fernandezianum Skottsb.
  88. Eryngium ferrisiae Constance
  89. Eryngium floribundum Cham. & Schltdl.
  90. Eryngium fluitans M.E.Jones
  91. Eryngium fluminense Urb.
  92. Eryngium foetidum L. Plant FAQs: Ngo Gai Herb – Eryngium Foetidum
  93. Eryngium foliosum Scheele
  94. Eryngium fontanum A.E.Holland & E.J.Thomps.
  95. Eryngium galeottii Hemsl.
  96. Eryngium galioides Lam.
  97. Eryngium gentryi Constance & Bye
  98. Eryngium ghiesbreghtii Decne.
  99. Eryngium giganteum M.Bieb.
  100. Eryngium glaciale Boiss.
  101. Eryngium glaziovianum Urb.
  102. Eryngium globosum Hemsl.
  103. Eryngium glomeratum Lam.
  104. Eryngium glossophyllum H.Wolff
  105. Eryngium goulartii Urb.
  106. Eryngium goyazense Urb.
  107. Eryngium gracile F.Delaroche
  108. Eryngium gramineum F.Delaroche
  109. Eryngium grossii Font Quer
  110. Eryngium guatemalense Hemsl.
  111. Eryngium haenkei C.Presl ex DC.
  112. Eryngium hainesii C.C.Towns.
  113. Eryngium hassleri H.Wolff
  114. Eryngium heldreichii Boiss.
  115. Eryngium hemisphaericum Urb.
  116. Eryngium hemsleyanum H.Wolff
  117. Eryngium × heteracanthum Teyber
  118. Eryngium heterophyllum Engelm.
  119. Eryngium hookeri Walp.
  120. Eryngium horridum Malme
  121. Eryngium humboldtii F.Delaroche
  122. Eryngium humifusum Clos
  123. Eryngium humile Cav.
  124. Eryngium huteri Porta & Rigo
  125. Eryngium ilex P.H.Davis
  126. Eryngium ilicifolium Desf.
  127. Eryngium inaccessum Skottsb.
  128. Eryngium incantatum Lucena, Novara & Cuezzo
  129. Eryngium integrifolium Walter
  130. Eryngium iranicum Mozaff.
  131. Eryngium irgangii D.B.Lucas
  132. Eryngium irwinii Constance
  133. Eryngium isauricum Contandr. & Quézel
  134. Eryngium jaliscense Mathias & Constance
  135. Eryngium junceum Cham. & Schltdl.
  136. Eryngium juncifolium (Urb.) Mathias & Constance
  137. Eryngium × kalotaszegense J.Papp & Ujvárosi
  138. Eryngium karatavicum Iljin
  139. Eryngium koehneanum Urb.
  140. Eryngium kotschyi Boiss.
  141. Eryngium lacustre Pohl ex Urb.
  142. Eryngium leavenworthii Torr. & A.Gray
  143. Eryngium lemmonii J.M.Coult. & Rose
  144. Eryngium leptophyllum H.Wolff
  145. Eryngium longifolium Cav.
  146. Eryngium lorentzii H.Wolff
  147. Eryngium luzulifolium Cham. & Schltdl.
  148. Eryngium macracanthum Phil.
  149. Eryngium macrocalyx Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  150. Eryngium madrense S.Watson
  151. Eryngium malmeanum H.Wolff
  152. Eryngium marginatum Pohl ex Urb.
  153. Eryngium maritimum L.
  154. Eryngium marocanum Pit.
  155. Eryngium mathiasiae M.Y.Sheikh
  156. Eryngium megapotamicum Malme
  157. Eryngium mesopotamicum T.M.Pedersen
  158. Eryngium mexiae Constance
  159. Eryngium × microcephalum Sieber
  160. Eryngium × mohamedanii Font Quer & Pau
  161. Eryngium molleri Gand.
  162. Eryngium moluccanum Steenis
  163. Eryngium monocephalum Cav.
  164. Eryngium montanum J.M.Coult. & Rose
  165. Eryngium montereyense D.W.Taylor & R.E.Preston
  166. Eryngium multicapitatum Morong
  167. Eryngium nasturtiifolium Juss. ex F.Delaroche
  168. Eryngium neei M.Mend.
  169. Eryngium noeanum Boiss.
  170. Eryngium nudicaule Lam.
  171. Eryngium octophyllum Korovin
  172. Eryngium ombrophilum Dusén & H.Wolff
  173. Eryngium ovinum A.Cunn.
  174. Eryngium palmatum Pančić & Vis.
  175. Eryngium palmeri Hemsl.
  176. Eryngium palmito Boiss. & Heldr.
  177. Eryngium paludosum (C.Moore) P.W.Michael
  178. Eryngium pandanifolium Cham. & Schltdl.
  179. Eryngium paniculatum Cav. & Dombey ex F.Delaroche
  180. Eryngium paraguariense Urb.
  181. Eryngium pectinatum C.Presl ex DC.
  182. Eryngium pendletonense K.L.Marsden & M.G.Simpson
  183. Eryngium petiolatum Hook.
  184. Eryngium phyteumae F.Delaroche
  185. Eryngium pilularioides Hemsl. & Rose
  186. Eryngium pinnatifidum Bunge
  187. Eryngium pinnatisectum Jeps.
  188. Eryngium plantagineum F.Muell.
  189. Eryngium plantaginifolium H.Wolff
  190. Eryngium planum L.
  191. Eryngium pohlianum Urb.
  192. Eryngium polycephalum Hausskn. ex H.Wolff
  193. Eryngium pringlei Hemsl. & Rose
  194. Eryngium pristis Cham. & Schltdl.
  195. Eryngium proliferum Brade
  196. Eryngium prostratum Nutt. ex DC.
  197. Eryngium proteiflorum F.Delaroche
  198. Eryngium pseudojunceum Clos
  199. Eryngium pseudothorifolium Contandr. & Quézel
  200. Eryngium pugae I.García, Mart.-Ram. & Ocampo
  201. Eryngium pulchellum Phil.
  202. Eryngium purpusii Hemsl. & Rose
  203. Eryngium pusillum L.
  204. Eryngium pyramidale Boiss. & Hausskn.
  205. Eryngium racemosum Jeps.
  206. Eryngium ramboanum Mathias & Constance
  207. Eryngium rauhianum Mathias & Constance
  208. Eryngium raulinii Mathias & Constance
  209. Eryngium regnellii Malme
  210. Eryngium riparium Larrañaga
  211. Eryngium rochei Constance
  212. Eryngium × rocheri P.Fourn.
  213. Eryngium rojasii H.Wolff
  214. Eryngium rosei Hemsl.
  215. Eryngium rostratum Cav.
  216. Eryngium sanguisorba Cham. & Schltdl.
  217. Eryngium sarcophyllum Hook. & Arn.
  218. Eryngium scaposum Turcz.
  219. Eryngium scirpinum Cham.
  220. Eryngium sellowii H.Wolff
  221. Eryngium serbicum Pančić
  222. Eryngium serra Cham. & Schltdl.
  223. Eryngium serratum Cav.
  224. Eryngium smithii Mathias & Constance
  225. Eryngium sparganioides Clos
  226. Eryngium sparganophyllum Hemsl.
  227. Eryngium spinalba Vill.
  228. Eryngium stenophyllum Urb.
  229. Eryngium strotheri Constance & Affolter
  230. Eryngium subacaule Cav.
  231. Eryngium subinerme (H.Wolff) Mathias & Constance
  232. Eryngium supinum J.M.Black
  233. Eryngium tenue Desf.
  234. Eryngium ternatum Poir.
  235. Eryngium thorifolium Boiss.
  236. Eryngium thyrsoideum Boiss.
  237. Eryngium tricuspidatum L.
  238. Eryngium triquetrum Vahl
  239. Eryngium trisectum Wörz & H.Duman
  240. Eryngium tzeltal Constance
  241. Eryngium urbanianum H.Wolff
  242. Eryngium variifolium Coss.
  243. Eryngium vaseyi J.M.Coult. & Rose
  244. Eryngium venustum Bartlett ex Constance
  245. Eryngium vesiculosum Labill.
  246. Eryngium × visianii Teyber
  247. Eryngium viviparum J.Gay
  248. Eryngium wanaturi Woronow
  249. Eryngium weberbaueri H.Wolff
  250. Eryngium wiegandii Adamović
  251. Eryngium woodii M.Mend.
  252. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx.
  253. Eryngium zosterifolium H.Wolff

More Than Just a Pretty Face

But Eryngium is more than just a pretty face. These plants are incredibly valuable for pollinators, attracting bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects to the garden. Their long-lasting blooms also make them excellent cut flowers, adding a touch of wildness and sophistication to any arrangement.

And let’s not forget their resilience. Many Eryngium species thrive in poor, dry soils and can withstand drought conditions with ease. This makes them ideal for xeriscaping and rock gardens, where they can add texture and interest without demanding much in return.

Does Sea Holly Die Back in Winter?

Yes, Sea Holly typically dies back in winter. As a perennial, it may lose its leaves and stems, going dormant when the cold weather arrives. However, come spring, it will sprout new growth from the base. It’s a good idea to cut back the dead stems in late winter or early spring to make way for the new growth.

Where to Buy Sea Holly Plants?

You can find Sea Holly plants at most garden centers and nurseries, especially those that specialize in perennials. Online plant retailers also offer a wide selection of Sea Holly varieties. When buying online, make sure to purchase from reputable sellers to ensure the plants are healthy and true to type.

Does Sea Holly Spread?

Sea Holly can spread, but it’s not invasive. The plant can form clumps over time, gradually expanding in width. Some varieties may self-seed, leading to new plants growing around the garden. If you don’t want it to spread, you can deadhead the flowers before they set seed.

Can You Dry Sea Holly?

Yes, you can dry Sea Holly. Its spiky flowers and stems make excellent additions to dried flower arrangements. To dry Sea Holly, cut the stems when the flowers are fully open and hang them upside down in a cool, dark, and dry place. This method helps retain the color and shape of the flowers.

Do Deer Eat Sea Holly?

Sea Holly is generally deer-resistant due to its spiny leaves and stems. Deer tend to avoid plants with tough, spiky foliage, making Sea Holly a good choice for gardens where deer browsing is a problem.

Does Sea Holly Bloom the First Year?

Sea Holly usually blooms in its second year. When grown from seed, the first year is typically spent developing strong roots and foliage. However, if you purchase a well-established plant from a nursery, it might bloom in the first year after planting.

Does Sea Holly Come Back Every Year?

Yes, Sea Holly is a perennial, so it comes back every year. After dying back in winter, it re-emerges in spring. With proper care, it will continue to thrive and produce beautiful blooms each year.

Does Sea Holly Need Full Sun?

Sea Holly thrives in full sun. It requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily to produce its best blooms. It can tolerate some partial shade, but too much shade can lead to fewer flowers and weaker growth.

Does Sea Holly Self-Seed?

Some varieties of Sea Holly can self-seed, meaning they will drop seeds after flowering, leading to new plants the following year. If you want to prevent self-seeding, you can deadhead the flowers before they set seed.

How Tall Does Sea Holly Get?

Sea Holly varies in height depending on the variety. Most types grow between 1 to 4 feet tall. The taller varieties are perfect for adding height to the back of a border, while shorter varieties can be used in the front.

How to Collect Sea Holly Seeds?

To collect Sea Holly seeds, allow the flowers to fade and dry on the plant. Once the seed heads are dry and brown, cut them off and place them in a paper bag. Shake the bag to release the seeds, and then store them in a cool, dry place until you’re ready to plant.

How to Grow Blue Sea Holly?

Growing Blue Sea Holly is relatively easy. Start with well-draining soil and a location that gets full sun. Plant the seeds or seedlings in spring, spacing them about 18 inches apart. Water them regularly until they are established, but avoid overwatering. Once established, Sea Holly is drought-tolerant and requires little maintenance.

How to Propagate Sea Holly?

Sea Holly can be propagated by seed, division, or root cuttings. The easiest method is to divide mature plants in spring or autumn. Simply dig up the plant, separate it into smaller sections with roots attached, and replant them. Root cuttings can also be taken in late autumn or winter.

Is Sea Holly Poisonous?

Sea Holly is not considered poisonous to humans or pets. However, like many plants, it’s a good idea to keep it out of reach of pets and children who might be tempted to chew on its spiky leaves or flowers.

Sea Holly vs. Globe Thistle

Sea Holly and Globe Thistle are often confused due to their similar appearance. Both have spiky, ball-shaped flowers, but Sea Holly typically has blue or silver blooms and more intricate, jagged leaves. Globe Thistle, on the other hand, has rounder, more globe-like flowers and simpler leaves. Both are excellent for attracting pollinators and add unique texture to gardens.

How to Care for Sea Holly?

Caring for Sea Holly is straightforward. Ensure it’s planted in well-draining soil and gets plenty of sunlight. Water it sparingly once established, as it prefers drier conditions. Prune back the dead foliage in late winter or early spring, and apply a light layer of mulch to protect the roots during winter.

What to Plant with Sea Holly?

Sea Holly pairs well with other sun-loving, drought-tolerant plants. Consider planting it alongside Lavender, Russian Sage, or ornamental grasses for a stunning display. Its blue flowers contrast beautifully with yellow or orange blooms like those of Black-eyed Susans or Coreopsis.

A Gardener’s Delight

For me, cultivating Eryngium is a rewarding experience. I love watching their spiky foliage emerge in spring, followed by the dramatic appearance of their cone-like flowerheads. They’re a constant source of fascination, changing in color and texture throughout the seasons.

Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or just starting out, I encourage you to give Eryngium a try. These unique and captivating plants will bring a touch of wild beauty and resilience to your garden, rewarding you with their stunning presence for years to come.

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