A Deep Dive into the Diverse World of Phyllanthus
As a plant enthusiast, I’m always fascinated by the sheer diversity of the plant kingdom. One genus that has particularly captured my attention is Phyllanthus, a vast and varied group with a global presence. From the tropics to the subtropics, these plants have carved their niche in a myriad of environments, showcasing an incredible array of forms and functions. Join me as we delve into the intriguing world of Phyllanthus, exploring its unique characteristics, diverse species, and fascinating adaptations.
What Makes Phyllanthus Unique?
Phyllanthus is a large genus belonging to the family Phyllanthaceae. The name itself, derived from the Greek words “phyllon” (leaf) and “anthos” (flower), hints at a unique characteristic of these plants: their flowers and fruits often appear to grow directly from the leaves or stems. This is due to a modified stem structure called a phylloclade, which resembles a leaf and performs photosynthesis. This adaptation is just one example of the remarkable diversity within the genus.
Phyllanthus encompasses a wide range of growth forms, including herbs, shrubs, trees, and even vines. Some species are deciduous, shedding their leaves seasonally, while others remain evergreen. This variability is a testament to the genus’s adaptability, allowing it to thrive in diverse habitats, from arid deserts to lush rainforests.
A Kaleidoscope of Species
The sheer number of Phyllanthus species is staggering, with estimates 865. This diversity is reflected in the wide array of appearances and adaptations within the genus:
- Phyllanthus abditus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus abnormis Baill.
- Phyllanthus acacioides Urb.
- Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels
- Phyllanthus acinacifolius Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus actephilifolius J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl
- Phyllanthus acutifolius Poir. ex Spreng.
- Phyllanthus acutissimus Miq.
- Phyllanthus adenodiscus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus adianthoides Klotzsch
- Phyllanthus aeneus Baill.
- Phyllanthus airy-shawii J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus ajmerianus L.B.Chaudhary & R.R.Rao
- Phyllanthus albidiscus (Ridl.) Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus albizzioides (Kurz) Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus allemii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus almadensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus alpestris Beille
- Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.
- Phyllanthus ambatovolanus Leandri
- Phyllanthus amicorum G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus amieuensis Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus amnicola G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus ampandrandavae Leandri
- Phyllanthus analamerae Leandri
- Phyllanthus anamalayanus (Gamble) G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus andamanicus N.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair
- Phyllanthus anderssonii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus andrachniformis Pax
- Phyllanthus andranovatensis J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus angkorensis Beille
- Phyllanthus angolensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus angustatus Hutch.
- Phyllanthus angustifolius (Sw.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus angustissimus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus anisolobus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus anisophyllioides Merr.
- Phyllanthus ankarana Leandri
- Phyllanthus ankaratrae (Leandri) Petra Hoffm. & McPherson
- Phyllanthus ankazobensis Ralim. & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus ankirindrensis Ralim. & Cable
- Phyllanthus aoraiensis Nadeaud
- Phyllanthus aoupinieensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus aphanostylus Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus apiculatus Merr.
- Phyllanthus aracaensis G.L.Webster ex Secco & A.Rosário
- Phyllanthus arbuscula (Sw.) J.F.Gmel.
- Phyllanthus archboldianus Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus ardisianthus Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus arenarius Beille
- Phyllanthus arenicola Casar.
- Phyllanthus argyi H.Lév.
- Phyllanthus aridus Benth.
- Phyllanthus armstrongii Benth.
- Phyllanthus artensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus arvensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus aspersus J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus asperulatus Hutch.
- Phyllanthus atabapoensis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus attenuatus Miq.
- Phyllanthus augustini Baill.
- Phyllanthus australis Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus austroparensis Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus avanguiensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus avicularis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus awaensis G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus axillaris (Sw.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus baeckeoides J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus baeobotryoides Wall. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus bahiensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus baillonianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus baladensis Baill.
- Phyllanthus balakrishnanii Sunil, K.M.P.Kumar & Naveen Kum.
- Phyllanthus balansae Beille
- Phyllanthus balansanus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus balgooyi Petra Hoffm. & A.J.M.Baker
- Phyllanthus bancilhonae J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus baraouaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus barbarae M.C.Johnst.
- Phyllanthus bathianus Leandri
- Phyllanthus beddomei (Gamble) M.Mohanan
- Phyllanthus bemangidiensis Ralim.
- Phyllanthus benguelensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus benguetensis C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus bequaertii Robyns & Lawalrée
- Phyllanthus bernardii Jabl.
- Phyllanthus bernierianus Baill. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus berteroanus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus betsileanus Leandri
- Phyllanthus biantherifer Croizat
- Phyllanthus bicolor Vis.
- Phyllanthus binhii Thin
- Phyllanthus birmanicus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus blanchetianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus blancoanus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus bodinieri (H.Lév.) Rehder
- Phyllanthus boehmii Pax
- Phyllanthus boguenensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus bojerianus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus bokorensis Tagane
- Phyllanthus bolivarensis Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus bolivianus Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus bonnardii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus borenensis M.G.Gilbert
- Phyllanthus borjaensis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus botryanthus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus bourgeoisii Baill.
- Phyllanthus brachyphyllus Urb.
- Phyllanthus brandegeei Millsp.
- Phyllanthus brasiliensis (Aubl.) Poir.
- Phyllanthus brassii C.T.White
- Phyllanthus brevipes Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus brynaertii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus buchii Urb.
- Phyllanthus bupleuroides Baill.
- Phyllanthus burundiensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus buxifolius (Blume) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus buxoides Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus cacuminum Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus caesiifolius Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
- Phyllanthus caesius Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus caespitosus Brenan
- Phyllanthus calcicola M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus caligatus J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus callejasii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus calycinus Labill.
- Phyllanthus camerunensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus caparaoensis G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus capixaba Marques-Torres & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus caraculiensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus caribaeus Urb.
- Phyllanthus carlottae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus carmenluciae R.T.M.Ribeiro & Loiola
- Phyllanthus carnosulus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walter
- Phyllanthus carpentariae Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus carrenoi Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus carunculatus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus carvalhoi G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus casearioides S.Moore
- Phyllanthus cassioides Rusby
- Phyllanthus casticum P.Willemet
- Phyllanthus castus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus caudatifolius Merr.
- Phyllanthus caudatus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cauliflorus (Sw.) Griseb.
- Phyllanthus cauticola J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus caymanensis G.L.Webster & Proctor
- Phyllanthus cedrelifolius Verdc.
- Phyllanthus celebicus Koord.
- Phyllanthus ceratostemon Brenan
- Phyllanthus chacoensis Morong
- Phyllanthus chamaecerasus Baill.
- Phyllanthus chamaecristoides Urb.
- Phyllanthus chamaepeuce Ridl.
- Phyllanthus chandrabosei Govaerts & Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus chantaranothaii Pornp., J.Parn. & Hodk.
- Phyllanthus chantrieri André
- Phyllanthus chapadensis Orlandini & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus chayamaritiae Chantar. & Kantachot
- Phyllanthus chekiangensis Croizat & F.P.Metcalf
- Phyllanthus cherrieri M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus chevalieri Beille
- Phyllanthus chiapensis Sprague
- Phyllanthus chimantae Jabl.
- Phyllanthus choretroides Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus chrysanthus Baill.
- Phyllanthus chryseus R.A.Howard
- Phyllanthus ciccoides Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cinctus Urb.
- Phyllanthus cinereus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cladanthus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cladotrichus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus clamboides (F.Muell.) Diels
- Phyllanthus clarkei Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus claussenii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus coalcomanensis Croizat
- Phyllanthus cochinchinensis Spreng.
- Phyllanthus cocumbiensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus coi M.J.Wu, Ferreras & Y.J.Chen
- Phyllanthus collinsiae Craib
- Phyllanthus × collinum-misuku Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus collinus Domin
- Phyllanthus columnaris Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus coluteoides Baill. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus comorensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus comosus Urb.
- Phyllanthus compressus Kunth
- Phyllanthus comptonii S.Moore
- Phyllanthus comptus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus concolor (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus confusus Brenan
- Phyllanthus conjugatus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus consanguineus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus coodei Ralim. & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus cordatulus C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus cornutus Baill.
- Phyllanthus coursii Leandri
- Phyllanthus crassinervius Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus cristalensis Urb.
- Phyllanthus cryptophilus (Comm. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus cuatrecasasianus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus cuneifolius (Britton) Croizat
- Phyllanthus cunenensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus curranii C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus cuscutiflorus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus cyrtophylloides Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus daclacensis Thin
- Phyllanthus dallachyanus Benth.
- Phyllanthus dardanoi J.C.R.Mendes & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus dawsonii Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus dealbatus Alston
- Phyllanthus debilis J.G.Klein ex Willd.
- Phyllanthus deciduiramus Däniker
- Phyllanthus dekindtianus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus delagoensis Hutch.
- Phyllanthus denticulatus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus deplanchei Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus dewildeorum M.G.Gilbert
- Phyllanthus dictyophlebs Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus dictyospermus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus dimorphus Britton & P.Wilson
- Phyllanthus dinklagei Pax
- Phyllanthus dinteri Pax
- Phyllanthus discolaciniatus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus discolor Poepp. ex Spreng.
- Phyllanthus distichus Hook. & Arn.
- Phyllanthus dorotheae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus dracaenoides Orlandini & Cordeiro
- Phyllanthus dracunculoides Baill.
- Phyllanthus duidae Gleason
- Phyllanthus dumbeaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus dumetosus Poir.
- Phyllanthus dumosus C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus dusenii Hutch.
- Phyllanthus dzumacensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus echinospermus C.Wright
- Phyllanthus edmundoi L.J.M.Santiago
- Phyllanthus effusus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus ekmanii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus elegans Wall. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus eliae (J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux) J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus elsiae Urb.
- Phyllanthus embergeri Haicour & Rossignol
- Phyllanthus emblica L.
- Phyllanthus engleri Pax
- Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L.
- Phyllanthus epiphylliferens J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus eremicus R.L.Barrett & I.Telford
- Phyllanthus eremitus Funez & Hassemer
- Phyllanthus ericoides Torr.
- Phyllanthus erwinii J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus erythrotrichus C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus eutaxioides S.Moore
- Phyllanthus evanescens Brandegee
- Phyllanthus everettii C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus evrardii Beille
- Phyllanthus excisus Urb.
- Phyllanthus exilis S.Moore
- Phyllanthus eximius G.L.Webster & Proctor
- Phyllanthus fadyenii Urb.
- Phyllanthus faguetii Boiv. ex Baill.
- Phyllanthus fallax Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus fangchengensis P.T.Li
- Phyllanthus fastigiatus Mart. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus favieri M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus felicis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus filicifolius Gage
- Phyllanthus fimbriatitepalus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus fimbriatus (Wight) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus fimbricalyx P.T.Li
- Phyllanthus finschii K.Schum.
- Phyllanthus fischeri Pax
- Phyllanthus flagellaris Benth.
- Phyllanthus flagelliformis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus flaviflorus (K.Schum. & Lauterb.) Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus flexuosus (Siebold & Zucc.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus fluitans Benth. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus fluminis-athi Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus × fluminis-sabi Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus fluminis-zambesi Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus formosus Urb.
- Phyllanthus forrestii W.W.Sm.
- Phyllanthus fotii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus fractiflexus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus fraguensis M.C.Johnst.
- Phyllanthus franchetianus H.Lév.
- Phyllanthus francii Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus frazieri Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus friesii Hutch.
- Phyllanthus frodinii Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus fuernrohrii F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus fuertesii Urb.
- Phyllanthus fuscoluridus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus gabonensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus gageanus (Gamble) M.Mohanan
- Phyllanthus gagnioevae J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus galeottianus Baill.
- Phyllanthus gardnerianus (Wight) Baill.
- Phyllanthus geniculatostemon J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus gentryi G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus geoffrayi Beille
- Phyllanthus gillettianus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus gjellerupii J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus glabrescens (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus gladiatus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus glaucinus (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond.
- Phyllanthus glaucus Wall. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus glaziovii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus glochidioides Elmer
- Phyllanthus gneissicus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus goianensis L.J.M.Santiago
- Phyllanthus golonensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus gomphocarpus Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus gongyloides Cordeiro & Carn.-Torres
- Phyllanthus gordonii Ralim. & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus gossweileri Hutch.
- Phyllanthus goudotianus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus gracilipes (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus gradyi M.J.Silva & M.F.Sales
- Phyllanthus graminicola Hutch.
- Phyllanthus grandifolius L.
- Phyllanthus graveolens Kunth
- Phyllanthus greenei Elmer
- Phyllanthus guangdongensis P.T.Li
- Phyllanthus guillauminii Däniker
- Phyllanthus gunnii Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus gypsicola McVaugh
- Phyllanthus hainanensis Merr.
- Phyllanthus hakgalensis Thwaites ex Trimen
- Phyllanthus hamelinii I.Telford & R.L.Barrett
- Phyllanthus harmandii Beille
- Phyllanthus harrimanii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus harrisii Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus hasskarlianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus helenae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus heliotropus C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Phyllanthus heteradenius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus heterotrichus Lundell
- Phyllanthus hexadactylus McVaugh
- Phyllanthus heyneanus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus hildebrandtii Pax
- Phyllanthus hirtellus F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus hodjelensis Schweinf.
- Phyllanthus holostylus Milne-Redh.
- Phyllanthus hortensis Govaerts & Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus houailouensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus huallagensis Standl. ex Croizat
- Phyllanthus huamotensis Pornp., Chantar. & J.Parn.
- Phyllanthus huberi Riina & P.E.Berry
- Phyllanthus humbertianus Leandri
- Phyllanthus humbertii (Leandri) Petra Hoffm. & McPherson
- Phyllanthus humpatanus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus hutchinsonianus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus hypoleucus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus hypospodius F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus hyssopifolioides Kunth
- Phyllanthus imbricatus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus incrustatus Urb.
- Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb.
- Phyllanthus indigoferoides Benth.
- Phyllanthus indofischeri Bennet
- Phyllanthus inflatus Hutch.
- Phyllanthus insulae-japen Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus insulensis Beille
- Phyllanthus involutus J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus iratsiensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus irriguus Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus isomonensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus itamarajuensis Marques-Torres & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus itatiaiensis Brade
- Phyllanthus ivohibeus Leandri
- Phyllanthus jablonskianus Steyerm. & Luteyn
- Phyllanthus jaegeri J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus jaffrei M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus jauaensis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus jaubertii Vieill. ex Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus juglandifolius Willd.
- Phyllanthus junceus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus kaessneri Hutch.
- Phyllanthus kampotensis Beille
- Phyllanthus kanalensis Baill.
- Phyllanthus karibibensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus kelleanus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus kerrii Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus kerstingii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus keyensis Warb.
- Phyllanthus kidna Challen & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus kinabaluicus Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus klotzschianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus koghiensis Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus koniamboensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus kostermansii Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus kouaouaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus koumacensis Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus lacerosus Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus laciniatus C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus lacunarius F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus lacunellus Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus lanceolatus Poir.
- Phyllanthus lancifolius Merr.
- Phyllanthus lasiogynus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus latifolius (L.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus lawii J.Graham
- Phyllanthus laxiflorus Benth.
- Phyllanthus lebrunii Robyns & Lawalrée
- Phyllanthus lediformis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus leonardianus Lisowski, Malaisse & Symoens
- Phyllanthus leptocaulos Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus leptoclados Benth.
- Phyllanthus leptoneurus Urb.
- Phyllanthus leptophyllus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus leschenaultii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus letestui J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus letouzeyanus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus leucanthus Pax
- Phyllanthus leucocalyx Hutch.
- Phyllanthus leucochlamys Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus leucosepalus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus leytensis Elmer
- Phyllanthus lichenisilvae (Leandri ex Humbert) Petra Hoffm. & McPherson
- Phyllanthus liebmannianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus liesneri G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus ligustrifolius S.Moore
- Phyllanthus lilliputianus J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga
- Phyllanthus limmuensis Cufod.
- Phyllanthus lindbergii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus lindenianus Baill.
- Phyllanthus liukiuensis Matsum. ex Hayata
- Phyllanthus loandensis Welw. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus lokohensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus longeramosus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus longipedicellatus M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus longipetiolatus Marques-Torres & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus longistylus Jabl.
- Phyllanthus loranthoides Baill.
- Phyllanthus luciliae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus lunifolius M.G.Gilbert & Thulin
- Phyllanthus macgregorii C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus macraei Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus macranthus Pax
- Phyllanthus macrocalyx Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus macrochorion Baill.
- Phyllanthus madagascariensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus madeirensis Croizat
- Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L.
- Phyllanthus maestrensis Urb.
- Phyllanthus mafingensis Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus magdemeanus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus magnificens J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus maguirei Jabl.
- Phyllanthus mahengeaensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus major Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus makitae J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus maleolens Urb. & Ekman
- Phyllanthus mananarensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus manausensis W.A.Rodrigues
- Phyllanthus mandjeliaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus mangenotii M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus manicaensis J.F.Brunel ex Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus mannianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus mantadiensis Ralim. & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus margaretiae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus marianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus maritimus J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus marojejiensis (Leandri) Petra Hoffm. & McPherson
- Phyllanthus martii Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus martinii Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus matitanensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus mckenziei Fosberg
- Phyllanthus mcphersonii M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus mcvaughii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus megacarpus (Gamble) Kumari & Chandrab.
- Phyllanthus megalanthus C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus megapodus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus megastylus Marques-Torres & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus melleri Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus memaoyaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus mendesii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus meridensis G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus merinthopodus Diels
- Phyllanthus meuieensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus meyerianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus mickelii McVaugh
- Phyllanthus micranthus A.Rich.
- Phyllanthus microcarpus (Benth.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus microcladus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus microdendron Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus microdictyus Urb.
- Phyllanthus micromeris Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus microphyllinus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus microphyllus Kunth
- Phyllanthus millei Standl.
- Phyllanthus mimicus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus mimosoides Sw.
- Phyllanthus minahassae Koord.
- Phyllanthus minarum Standl. & Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus mindouliensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus minutiflorus F.Muell. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus minutifolius Jabl.
- Phyllanthus minutulus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus mirabilis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus mirificus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus mitchellii Benth.
- Phyllanthus mittenianus Hutch.
- Phyllanthus mkurirae J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus mocinoanus Baill.
- Phyllanthus mocotensis G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus moeroensis De Wild.
- Phyllanthus monroviae J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus montanus (Sw.) Sw.
- Phyllanthus montis-fontium M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus montrouzieri Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus mooneyi M.G.Gilbert
- Phyllanthus moorei M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus moramangicus (Leandri) Leandri
- Phyllanthus moratii M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus mouensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell
- Phyllanthus multiflorus Poir.
- Phyllanthus muriculatus J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus muscosus Ridl.
- Phyllanthus mutisianus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus myriophyllus Urb.
- Phyllanthus myrsinites Kunth
- Phyllanthus myrtaceus Sond.
- Phyllanthus myrtifolius (Wight) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus myrtilloides Griseb.
- Phyllanthus nanellus P.T.Li
- Phyllanthus natoensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus ndikinimekianus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus neblinae Jabl.
- Phyllanthus neoleonensis Croizat
- Phyllanthus nhatrangensis Beille
- Phyllanthus nigericus Brenan
- Phyllanthus nigrescens (Blanco) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus niinamii Hayata
- Phyllanthus ningaensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus niruri L.
- Phyllanthus niruroides Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus nitens M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus nitidulus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus nothisii M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus novae-hollandiae Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus nozeranianus J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir.
- Phyllanthus nummularioides Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus nutans Sw.
- Phyllanthus nyale Petra Hoffm. & Cheek
- Phyllanthus nyikae Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus oaxacanus Brandegee
- Phyllanthus obdeltophyllus Leandri
- Phyllanthus obfalcatus Lasser & Maguire
- Phyllanthus oblanceolatus J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus oblongiglans M.G.Gilbert
- Phyllanthus obtusatus (Thunb.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus occidentalis J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus octomerus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus oligospermus Hayata
- Phyllanthus omahakensis Dinter & Pax
- Phyllanthus oppositifolius Baill. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus orbicularis Kunth
- Phyllanthus orbiculatus Rich.
- Phyllanthus oreichtitus Leandri
- Phyllanthus oreophilus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus orientalis (Craib) Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus orinocensis Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus ouveanus Däniker
- Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk.
- Phyllanthus ovatifolius J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus ovatus Poir.
- Phyllanthus oxycarpus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus oxycoccifolius Hutch.
- Phyllanthus oxyphyllus Miq.
- Phyllanthus pachyphyllus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pachystylus Urb.
- Phyllanthus pacificus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pacoensis Thin
- Phyllanthus paezensis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus palakondensis Raja Kullayisw. & Sarojin.
- Phyllanthus palauensis Hosok.
- Phyllanthus × pallidus C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Phyllanthus pancherianus Baill.
- Phyllanthus papuanus Gage
- Phyllanthus paraguayensis Parodi
- Phyllanthus parainduratus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus parangoyensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus paraqueensis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus parvifolius Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond.
- Phyllanthus parvus Hutch.
- Phyllanthus paucitepalus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus pavonianus Baill.
- Phyllanthus paxianus Dinter
- Phyllanthus paxii Hutch.
- Phyllanthus pectinatus Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus pedicellatus Orlandini, Cordeiro & V.C.Souza
- Phyllanthus peltatus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus pendulus Roxb.
- Phyllanthus peninsularis Brandegee
- Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn.
- Phyllanthus pentaphyllus C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Phyllanthus pergracilis Gillespie
- Phyllanthus perpusillus Baill.
- Phyllanthus perrieri (Leandri) Petra Hoffm. & McPherson
- Phyllanthus pervilleanus (Baill.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus petaloideus Paul G.Wilson
- Phyllanthus petchikaraensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus petelotii Croizat
- Phyllanthus petenensis Lundell
- Phyllanthus petraeus A.Chev. & Beille
- Phyllanthus phialanthoides Falcón & J.L.Gómez
- Phyllanthus philippioides Leandri
- Phyllanthus phillyreifolius Poir.
- Phyllanthus phlebocarpus Urb.
- Phyllanthus phuquocensis Beille
- Phyllanthus physocarpus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pierlotii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus pileostigma Coode
- Phyllanthus pilifer M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus pindaiensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus pinifolius Baill.
- Phyllanthus pinjenensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus piranii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus pireyi Beille
- Phyllanthus platycalyx Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus poeppigianus (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pohlianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus poli-borealis Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng.
- Phyllanthus polygynus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus polyspermus Schumach.
- Phyllanthus popayanensis Pax
- Phyllanthus poueboensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus poumensis Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus praelongipes Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus praetervisus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus prainianus Collett & Hemsl.
- Phyllanthus procerus C.Wright
- Phyllanthus proctoris G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus profusus N.E.Br.
- Phyllanthus prominulatus J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus pronyensis Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus prostratus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pseudocicca Griseb.
- Phyllanthus pseudoguyanensis Herter & Mansf.
- Phyllanthus pseudoniruri Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pseudoparvifolius R.L.Mitra & Sanjappa
- Phyllanthus pseudotrichopodus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus pterocladus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus pulcher Wall. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus pulcherrimus Herter
- Phyllanthus pulchroides Beille
- Phyllanthus pullenii Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus pulverulentus Urb.
- Phyllanthus pumilus (Blanco) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus puntii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus purpureus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus purpusii Brandegee
- Phyllanthus pycnophyllus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus quintuplinervis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus racemiger Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus racemosus L.f.
- Phyllanthus ramillosus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus ramosii Quisumb. & Merr.
- Phyllanthus ramosus Vell.
- Phyllanthus rangachariarii Murugan, Kabeer & G.V.S.Murthy
- Phyllanthus rangoloakensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus raynalii J.F.Brunel & Jacq.Roux
- Phyllanthus razakamalalae Ralim. & Cable
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.
- Phyllanthus retinervis Hutch.
- Phyllanthus retroflexus Brade
- Phyllanthus revaughanii Coode
- Phyllanthus rhabdocarpus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus rheedei Wight
- Phyllanthus rheophilus Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus rheophyticus M.G.Gilbert & P.T.Li
- Phyllanthus rhizomatosus Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus rhodocladus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus ridsdalei R.W.Bouman & Verwijs
- Phyllanthus riedelianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus robinsonii Merr.
- Phyllanthus roeperianus Wall. ex Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus rosmarinifolius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus rosselensis Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus rotundifolius J.G.Klein ex Willd.
- Phyllanthus rouxii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus rozennae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus ruber (Lour.) Spreng.
- Phyllanthus rubescens Beille
- Phyllanthus rubriflorus J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus rubristipulus Govaerts & Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi Welzen, R.W.Bouman & Ent
- Phyllanthus rupestris Kunth
- Phyllanthus rupi-insularis Hosok.
- Phyllanthus rupicola Elmer
- Phyllanthus ruscifolius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus saffordii Merr.
- Phyllanthus salesiae M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus salicifolius Baill.
- Phyllanthus salomonis Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus salviifolius Kunth
- Phyllanthus samarensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus sambiranensis Leandri
- Phyllanthus sanjappae Chakrab. & M.Gangop.
- Phyllanthus sarasinii Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus sarothamnoides Govaerts & Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus sauropodoides Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus savannicola Domin
- Phyllanthus saxosus F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus scaber Klotzsch
- Phyllanthus scabrifolius Hook.f.
- Phyllanthus schaulsii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus schliebenii Mansf. ex Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus scopulorum (Britton) Urb.
- Phyllanthus securinegioides Merr.
- Phyllanthus selbyi Britton & P.Wilson
- Phyllanthus sellowianus (Klotzsch) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus sepialis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus serandii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus serpentinicola Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus serpentinus S.Moore
- Phyllanthus shabaensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus sibuyanensis Elmer
- Phyllanthus sikkimensis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus similis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus simplicicaulis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus sincorensis G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus singalensis (Miq.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus singampattianus (Sebastine & A.N.Henry) Kumari & Chandrab.
- Phyllanthus skutchii Standl.
- Phyllanthus smithianus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus sobralii J.C.R.Mendes, J.M.A.Braga & Fraga
- Phyllanthus societatis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus somalensis Hutch.
- Phyllanthus songboiensis Thin
- Phyllanthus sootepensis Craib
- Phyllanthus spartioides Pax & K.Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus spinosus Chiov.
- Phyllanthus spirei Beille
- Phyllanthus sponiifolius Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus spruceanus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus squamifolius (Lour.) Stokes
- Phyllanthus standleyi McVaugh
- Phyllanthus stenophyllus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus stipitatus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus stipularis Merr.
- Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus striaticaulis J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus strobilaceus Jabl.
- Phyllanthus stultitiae Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus stylosus Griff.
- Phyllanthus subapicalis Jabl.
- Phyllanthus subcarnosus C.Wright ex Griseb.
- Phyllanthus subcrenulatus F.Muell.
- Phyllanthus subcuneatus Greenm.
- Phyllanthus subemarginatus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus sublanatus Schumach. & Thonn.
- Phyllanthus submarginalis Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus subobscurus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus suffrutescens Pax
- Phyllanthus sulcatus J.T.Hunter & J.J.Bruhl
- Phyllanthus sylvincola S.Moore
- Phyllanthus symphoricarpoides Kunth
- Phyllanthus tabularis Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus tagulae Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus talbotii Sedgw.
- Phyllanthus tanaensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus tangoensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus tanzaniensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus tararae Verwijs
- Phyllanthus taxodiifolius Beille
- Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb.
- Phyllanthus tener Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus tenuicaulis Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus tenuipedicellatus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus tenuipes C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus tenuirhachis J.J.Sm.
- Phyllanthus tenuis Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus tepuicola Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus tequilensis B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
- Phyllanthus tessmannii Hutch.
- Phyllanthus tetrandrus Roxb.
- Phyllanthus thaii Thin
- Phyllanthus thulinii Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus tiebaghiensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus timboensis Funez, J.P.R.Ferreira & Hassemer
- Phyllanthus tireliae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus tixieri M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus torrentium Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus touranensis Beille
- Phyllanthus trichopodus Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus trichosporus Adelb.
- Phyllanthus trichotepalus Brenan
- Phyllanthus triphlebius C.B.Rob.
- Phyllanthus tritepalus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus trungii Thin
- Phyllanthus tsarongensis W.W.Sm.
- Phyllanthus tsetserrae J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus tuberculatus Marques-Torres & M.J.Silva
- Phyllanthus tuerckheimii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus tui Thin
- Phyllanthus tukuyuanus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus udoricola Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus ukagurensis Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus umbratus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus umbricola Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus unifoliatus M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus unioensis M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus upembaensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus urbanianus Mansf.
- Phyllanthus urceolatus Baill.
- Phyllanthus urinaria L.
- Phyllanthus ussuriensis Rupr. & Maxim.
- Phyllanthus utricularis Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus vaccinifolius (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus vakinankaratrae Leandri
- Phyllanthus valerii Standl.
- Phyllanthus valleanus Croizat
- Phyllanthus vanderystii Hutch. & De Wild.
- Phyllanthus vatovaviensis Leandri ex Ralim. & Petra Hoffm.
- Phyllanthus veillonii M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus ventricosus G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus ventuarii Jabl.
- Phyllanthus venustulus Leandri
- Phyllanthus vergens Baill.
- Phyllanthus verrucicaulis Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus vespertilio Baill.
- Phyllanthus vichadensis Croizat
- Phyllanthus villosus Poir.
- Phyllanthus vincentae J.F.Macbr.
- Phyllanthus virgatus G.Forst.
- Phyllanthus virgulatus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus virgultiramus Däniker
- Phyllanthus volkensii Engl.
- Phyllanthus vulcani Guillaumin
- Phyllanthus warburgii K.Schum.
- Phyllanthus warnockii G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw
- Phyllanthus websterianus Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus welwitschianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus wheeleri G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus wilkesianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus williamioides Griseb.
- Phyllanthus wingfieldii Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus wittei Robyns & Lawalrée
- Phyllanthus womersleyi Airy Shaw & G.L.Webster
- Phyllanthus xiphophorus J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus xylorrhizus Thulin
- Phyllanthus yangambiensis J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus yaouhensis Schltr.
- Phyllanthus youngii J.F.Brunel
- Phyllanthus yvettae M.Schmid
- Phyllanthus zambicus Radcl.-Sm.
- Phyllanthus zanthoxyloides Steyerm.
- Phyllanthus zeylanicus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus zippelianus Müll.Arg.
- Phyllanthus zornioides Radcl.-Sm.
Ecological Significance
Phyllanthus plays a vital role in various ecosystems around the world. Their fruits and seeds serve as a food source for a variety of animals, including birds, mammals, and insects. Some species have also formed specialized relationships with certain insects, such as the leafflower moths (Epicephala spp.), which pollinate the flowers and lay their eggs in the developing fruits.
Furthermore, Phyllanthus species contribute to soil health and nutrient cycling. Their leaf litter decomposes, enriching the soil with organic matter. Some species are also known to have nitrogen-fixing capabilities, enhancing soil fertility.
Economic Importance
In addition to their ecological value, Phyllanthus species have significant economic importance. As mentioned earlier, several species are cultivated for their edible fruits, which are consumed fresh or processed into various products. Other species are valued for their medicinal properties, providing a source of traditional remedies for a wide range of ailments.
Moreover, some Phyllanthus species have potential applications in modern medicine. Research has shown that certain compounds extracted from these plants exhibit antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. These findings highlight the potential of Phyllanthus as a source of novel pharmaceuticals.
Conservation Concerns
Despite their widespread distribution and adaptability, some Phyllanthus species face threats due to habitat loss, overexploitation, and climate change. Conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the survival of these valuable plants and maintain the ecological and economic benefits they provide.
Future Directions
The genus Phyllanthus holds immense potential for future research and applications. Further investigation into the medicinal properties of various species could lead to the development of new drugs and therapies. Additionally, exploring the genetic diversity within the genus could help identify traits that enhance resilience to climate change and improve crop yields.
As we continue to unravel the mysteries of Phyllanthus, we are likely to discover even more fascinating aspects of this diverse and valuable genus. Its adaptability, ecological significance, and economic potential make it a crucial component of the plant kingdom, deserving of our attention and conservation efforts.