140 Species in Genus Gomphrena

Gomphrena: A World of Color Explored

As a plant enthusiast, I’m always on the lookout for unique and captivating genera to add to my garden. Recently, I’ve become fascinated by the Gomphrena, also known as globe amaranth. This genus, belonging to the Amaranthaceae family, boasts a diverse array of species, each with its own distinct charm. Native to the Americas, Australia, and parts of Africa, Gomphrena plants have captivated gardeners and botanists alike for centuries.  

A Visual Feast

What strikes me most about Gomphrena is the sheer variety of colors its flowers display. From the vibrant magenta of Gomphrena globosa to the fiery orange of Gomphrena haageana, these plants bring a burst of life to any garden. The flowers themselves are quite unique, resembling clover blossoms or tiny fireworks. Their papery texture adds another layer of interest, making them perfect for dried arrangements.  

More Than Just a Pretty Face

Beyond their ornamental value, Gomphrena species have a rich history of practical uses. In traditional medicine, some species are believed to possess anti-inflammatory and diuretic properties. Additionally, certain Gomphrena species are edible, with their leaves and young shoots adding a nutritious touch to salads and stir-fries.  

Diving Deep into Diversity

The Gomphrena genus encompasses a vast array of species, each with its own unique characteristics. Here are a few notable examples:  

1. Gomphrena affinis F.Muell. ex Benth.
2. Gomphrena agrestis Mart.
3. Gomphrena anti-lethargica Silveira
4. Gomphrena arborescens L.f.
5. Gomphrena arida J.Palmer
6. Gomphrena atrorubra J.Palmer
7. Gomphrena axillaris R.W.Davis & J.Palmer
8. Gomphrena basilanata Suess.
9. Gomphrena bicolor Mart.
10. Gomphrena boliviana Moq.
11. Gomphrena brachystylis F.Muell.
12. Gomphrena breviflora F.Muell.
13. Gomphrena brittonii (Standl.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
14. Gomphrena caespitosa Torr.
15. Gomphrena canescens R.Br.
16. Gomphrena cardenasii Standl. ex E.Holzh.
17. Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
18. Gomphrena centrota E.Holzh.
19. Gomphrena chrestoides C.C.Towns.
20. Gomphrena cladotrichoides Suess.
21. Gomphrena claussenii Moq.
22. Gomphrena colosacana Hunz. & Subils
23. Gomphrena conferta Benth.
24. Gomphrena conica (R.Br.) Spreng.
25. Gomphrena connata J.Palmer
26. Gomphrena cucullata J.Palmer
27. Gomphrena cunninghamii (Moq.) Druce
28. Gomphrena debilis Mart.
29. Gomphrena decipiens Seub.
30. Gomphrena demissa Mart.
31. Gomphrena desertorum Mart.
32. Gomphrena diffusa (R.Br.) Spreng.
33. Gomphrena discolor R.E.Fr.
34. Gomphrena duriuscula Moq.
35. Gomphrena eichleri J.Palmer
36. Gomphrena elegans Mart.
37. Gomphrena equisetiformis R.E.Fr.
38. Gomphrena eriophylla Mart.
39. Gomphrena ferruginea Pedersen
40. Gomphrena filaginoides M.Martens & Galeotti
41. Gomphrena flaccida R.Br.
42. Gomphrena floribunda J.Palmer
43. Gomphrena fuscipellita T.Ortuño & Borsch
44. Gomphrena gardneri Moq.
45. Gomphrena globosa L.
46. Gomphrena graminea Moq.
47. Gomphrena guaranitica Chodat
48. Gomphrena haageana Klotzsch
49. Gomphrena haenkeana Mart.
50. Gomphrena hatschbachiana Pedersen
51. Gomphrena hermogenesii J.C.Siqueira
52. Gomphrena hillii Suess.
53. Gomphrena humifusa J.Palmer
54. Gomphrena humilis R.Br.
55. Gomphrena incana Mart.
56. Gomphrena involucrata Ewart
57. Gomphrena kanisii J.Palmer
58. Gomphrena lacinulata J.Palmer
59. Gomphrena lanata R.Br.
60. Gomphrena lanigera Pohl ex Moq.
61. Gomphrena leontopodioides Domin
62. Gomphrena leptoclada Benth.
63. Gomphrena leptophylla (Benth.) J.Palmer
64. Gomphrena leucocephala Mart.
65. Gomphrena longistyla R.W.Davis, J.Palmer & T.Hammer
66. Gomphrena macrocephala A.St.-Hil.
67. Gomphrena macrorhiza Mart.
68. Gomphrena magentitepala J.Palmer
69. Gomphrena mandonii R.E.Fr.
70. Gomphrena marginata Seub.
71. Gomphrena martiana Gillies ex Moq.
72. Gomphrena matogrossensis Suess.
73. Gomphrena mendocina (Phil.) R.E.Fr.
74. Gomphrena meyeniana Walp.
75. Gomphrena microcephala Moq.
76. Gomphrena mizqueensis T.Ortuño & Borsch
77. Gomphrena mollis Mart.
78. Gomphrena moquinii Seub.
79. Gomphrena muscoides (Sw.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
80. Gomphrena nealleyi J.M.Coult. & Fisher
81. Gomphrena nigricans Mart.
82. Gomphrena nitida Rothr.
83. Gomphrena occulta J.Palmer
84. Gomphrena oroyana Standl.
85. Gomphrena pallida (Stuchlík) Pedersen
86. Gomphrena palmeri Standl.
87. Gomphrena paraguayensis Chodat
88. Gomphrena paranensis R.E.Fr.
89. Gomphrena parviceps Standl.
90. Gomphrena parviflora Benth.
91. Gomphrena perennis L.
92. Gomphrena phaeotricha Pedersen
93. Gomphrena pilosa (M.Martens & Galeotti) Moq.
94. Gomphrena platycephala R.E.Fr.
95. Gomphrena pohlii Moq.
96. Gomphrena portulacoides (A.St.-Hil.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
97. Gomphrena potosiana Suess. & Benl
98. Gomphrena pringlei J.M.Coult. & Fisher
99. Gomphrena prostrata Mart.
100. Gomphrena pulchella Mart.
101. Gomphrena pulvinata Suess.
102. Gomphrena pumila Gillies ex Moq.
103. Gomphrena pungens Seub.
104. Gomphrena pusilla Benth.
105. Gomphrena radiata Pedersen
106. Gomphrena radicata (Hook.f.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
107. Gomphrena regeliana Seub.
108. Gomphrena riedelii Seub.
109. Gomphrena rigida (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
110. Gomphrena riparia Pedersen
111. Gomphrena rosula J.Palmer
112. Gomphrena rudis Moq.
113. Gomphrena rupestris Nees
114. Gomphrena scandens (R.E.Fr.) J.C.Siqueira
115. Gomphrena scapigera Mart.
116. Gomphrena schinziana Stuchlík
117. Gomphrena schlechtendaliana Mart.
118. Gomphrena sellowiana Mart.
119. Gomphrena serrata L.
120. Gomphrena serturneroides Suess.
121. Gomphrena sonorae Torr.
122. Gomphrena sordida Farmar
123. Gomphrena spissa Pedersen
124. Gomphrena splendida R.L.Barrett & J.Palmer
125. Gomphrena stellata T.Ortuño & Borsch
126. Gomphrena subscaposa (Hook.f.) T.Ortuño & Borsch
127. Gomphrena tenella (Moq.) Benth.
128. Gomphrena tomentosa (Griseb.) R.E.Fr.
129. Gomphrena triceps Pedersen
130. Gomphrena trinervosa C.C.Towns.
131. Gomphrena trollii Suess.
132. Gomphrena umbellata J.Rémy
133. Gomphrena uruguayensis Suess.
134. Gomphrena vaga Mart.
135. Gomphrena verecunda R.W.Davis
136. Gomphrena vermicularis L.
137. Gomphrena virgata Mart.
138. Gomphrena viridis Wooton & Standl.
139. Gomphrena vitellina Pedersen
140. Gomphrena wrightii (Hook.f. ex Maxim.) T.Ortuño & Borsch

Is Gomphrena a Perennial?

Gomphrena is typically grown as an annual in most regions. This means it completes its life cycle in one growing season, from germination to seed production. In warmer climates (USDA zones 10 and 11), it can behave like a short-lived perennial, meaning it may survive through the winter. However, in cooler areas, it’s best treated as an annual and replanted each year.

What Do Gomphrena Seeds Look Like?

Gomphrena seeds are quite small, usually about 1/8 inch in diameter. They are round and somewhat wrinkled, with a color that can range from dark brown to black. They’re relatively easy to handle and sow, making them a great choice for both novice and experienced gardeners.

Do Deer Eat Gomphrena?

Gomphrena is generally considered deer-resistant. Deer are less likely to munch on these plants due to their texture and the plant’s slightly bitter taste. This makes Gomphrena a good choice for gardens in areas where deer are a problem.

Does Gomphrena Need Light to Germinate?

Yes, Gomphrena seeds do need light to germinate. It’s best to sprinkle the seeds on the soil surface and lightly press them in without covering them with soil. Providing them with a bright location and consistent moisture will encourage germination.

How to Dry Gomphrena?

Drying Gomphrena is a simple process. Cut the stems of the plant when the blooms are fully open but still vibrant. Tie the stems together and hang them upside down in a dry, dark, and well-ventilated area. After a few weeks, the flowers should be fully dry and ready to use for arrangements or crafts.

When to Start Gomphrena Seeds Indoors?

Start Gomphrena seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last expected frost. This gives the plants a head start and ensures they’re ready to be transplanted outdoors once the weather warms up. Use seed trays or pots with good drainage and keep them in a warm, sunny location.

Do Rabbits Eat Gomphrena?

Like deer, rabbits tend to avoid Gomphrena. Its tough, somewhat spiky foliage and bitter taste make it less appealing to these garden pests. This can make Gomphrena a good option for gardens where rabbits are a concern.

Do You Pinch Gomphrena?

Pinching Gomphrena plants helps to encourage bushier growth. To do this, simply pinch off the top 1-2 inches of the plant once it reaches about 6 inches tall. This will promote lateral branching and create a fuller, more compact plant.

Does Gomphrena Self-Seed?

Yes, Gomphrena can self-seed. The seeds are produced in the dried blooms and can scatter around the garden. If you want to control where they grow, you might want to collect the seeds from the dried flowers and sow them in a designated area.

How Far Apart to Plant Gomphrena?

Space Gomphrena plants about 6-12 inches apart. This allows them enough room to grow and spread out without crowding each other. Proper spacing ensures good air circulation and helps prevent disease.

How Tall Does Gomphrena Grow?

Gomphrena typically grows to a height of 12-18 inches. However, some varieties can reach up to 24 inches tall. Their compact and bushy growth habit makes them suitable for borders, containers, and as fillers in garden beds.

Are Gomphrena Poisonous to Dogs?

No, Gomphrena is not considered poisonous to dogs. It is generally safe if your dog happens to nibble on it. However, it’s always best to monitor pets to ensure they don’t consume large quantities of any plant.

Can You Grow Gomphrena in Pots?

Yes, Gomphrena can be successfully grown in pots. Choose a container with good drainage and use a high-quality potting mix. This allows you to enjoy its vibrant blooms on patios, balconies, or indoors.

Can You Winter Sow Gomphrena?

Winter sowing Gomphrena is possible, especially in regions with mild winters. Sow the seeds in containers and leave them outdoors where they will experience natural cold stratification. This method can lead to earlier germination when spring arrives.

Gomphrena vs. Amaranth

Gomphrena and Amaranth (Amaranthus) can sometimes be confused due to their similar appearance. However, Gomphrena has a more rounded, globe-like flower head, while Amaranth flowers are often more elongated and spike-like. Additionally, Amaranth can be grown as both an ornamental and a food crop, while Gomphrena is primarily used for ornamental purposes.

How to Care for Gomphrena?

Gomphrena is a low-maintenance plant. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Regular watering is needed, but avoid waterlogging. Fertilize sparingly, as too much fertilizer can lead to excessive foliage at the expense of blooms.

How to Propagate Gomphrena?

Gomphrena can be propagated from seeds. Collect seeds from mature blooms and sow them directly into the soil or in seed trays. Ensure they receive light for germination and maintain consistent moisture.

What to Plant With Gomphrena?

Gomphrena pairs well with other heat-tolerant plants like marigolds, zinnias, and salvias. These combinations create a vibrant, colorful garden that can handle sunny, warm conditions.

Common Problems

Gomphrena is relatively pest and disease-resistant, but it can occasionally suffer from fungal issues if grown in overly wet conditions. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to minimize these problems.

Gomphrena is a fantastic addition to any garden with its bright, long-lasting blooms and easy care requirements. By understanding these FAQs, you’ll be well-prepared to grow and enjoy this cheerful plant in your garden.