Anthurium King of Spades Care Guide: Cultivating the Regal Dark Anthurium

1. Introduction to Anthurium King of Spades: The Dark Monarch

1.1. What is Anthurium ‘King of Spades’?

The Anthurium ‘King of Spades’, often referred to by its breeder’s initials ‘HU’ (Haji Ulih) or ‘KOS’, is a unique and highly prized hybrid cultivar within the Anthurium genus. It is primarily characterized by its large, broad, often heart-shaped to spade-like leaves that are a deep, rich, almost blackish-green. What truly sets them apart are their prominent veins, which often appear “blown out” or heavily contrasted, giving the leaves a distinctive, almost sculptural appearance. The leaves usually have a beautiful velvety texture. This striking combination of dark coloration, impressive size, unique veining, and velvety feel makes it a true showstopper and a prized addition to any indoor plant collection. Native as a cultivated hybrid from Indonesia, it is a terrestrial Aroid that brings an exotic and opulent aesthetic to any indoor space, making it a favorite among discerning collectors.

1.2. Reasons for its Appeal

Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ captivates plant enthusiasts for several compelling reasons:

Exceptional Dark Foliage: Its large, very dark green (almost black) leaves create a dramatic and sophisticated aesthetic.
Unique Veining & Texture: The prominent, often “blown out” veins combined with a luxurious velvety texture enhance its artistic and tactile appeal.
Imposing Presence: Its sheer size and striking form give it a commanding presence in any display.
Collector’s Item: Due to its exquisite features, large size potential, and status as a sought-after hybrid, it is highly prized by Aroid collectors.
Distinctive Appearance: Its unusual morphology and deep coloration make it a unique statement piece.

2. Origins and Distinguishing Characteristics

2.1. Origins

The Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is a cultivated hybrid, created by an Indonesian grower named Haji Ulih (hence the ‘HU’ moniker). While the exact parentage is not always consistently documented, it is believed to be a hybrid involving Anthurium crystallinum and Anthurium clarinervium. Its origin from Indonesia (rather than Central/South America for many Anthurium species) highlights its cultivated nature. Its rapid rise to fame in the rare plant community underscores its desirability.

2.2. Leaf Morphology and Texture

The leaves of Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ are its most defining characteristic. They are:

Size: Large and broad, capable of reaching significant dimensions.
Shape: Often heart-shaped (cordate) to oval, or sometimes described as spade-like (spatulate).
Color & Texture: A rich, deep, almost blackish-green, with a luxurious velvety texture.
Veining: Features prominent veins that are often lighter in color or appear “blown out” (thick and raised), creating a unique contrast against the dark leaf blade. This unique venation contributes to its distinctiveness.
The leaves are generally entire (undivided).

2.3. Growth Habit and Rate

Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is primarily a terrestrial Aroid, generally forming an upright clump of leaves from a central rhizome. It typically does not climb with aerial roots like many vining Philodendrons or some other Anthuriums, though some sources describe it as having a compact terrestrial or epiphytic habit. Its large leaves grow outwards and upwards, creating a beautiful, contained display. Its growth rate is generally considered slow to moderate under optimal conditions, gradually unfurling new leaves that slowly achieve their impressive size and characteristic form. It generally stays nice and compact.

2.4. Toxicity

Like most other Anthurium species, Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is considered toxic to pets (cats, dogs) and humans if ingested. It contains calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation and swelling of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, leading to discomfort, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing. It is advisable to keep this plant out of reach of pets and small children.

2.5. Comparison to Similar Anthurium Species (Magnificum, Regale, Warocqueanum, Crystallinum)

Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is often compared to other large-leafed or velvety Anthurium species, particularly those with prominent veining or dark coloration.

Anthurium ‘King of Spades’: Characterized by large, broad, dark/blackish-green, velvety leaves with prominent, often “blown out” light veins. It is a terrestrial, clumping Anthurium. It is a hybrid created in Indonesia.
Anthurium magnificum: Also has large, heart-shaped, velvety green leaves with prominent pale veins. It tends to grow larger than A. crystallinum and A. clarinervium, and its petioles are typically quadrangular with prominent wings. It has a climbing habit. While similar in velvety texture and prominent veining, its leaves are often more consistently green and lack the almost blackish hue of ‘King of Spades’.
Anthurium regale: Features very large, broad, heart-shaped, velvety green leaves with prominent pale veins. It is similar in broadness and velvety texture, but its leaves are typically a lighter green than ‘King of Spades’ and lack the extreme dark coloration.
Anthurium warocqueanum (Queen Anthurium): Features exceptionally long, narrow, strap-like, velvety, very dark green leaves with prominent pale veins. Its shape is vastly different (elongated strap-like, not broad heart-shaped) from ‘King of Spades’.
Anthurium crystallinum: Features prominent white/silver veins on heart-shaped green leaves. Its leaves are typically smaller and smoother (not velvety) than ‘King of Spades’, and it lacks the overall dark coloration.

The unique combination of its large, very dark (almost blackish-green) velvety leaves and prominent, often “blown out” light veins clearly distinguishes Anthurium ‘King of Spades’.

3. Comprehensive Care Guide: Nurturing Your Dark Monarch

Cultivating a thriving Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ demands meticulous and precise care to highlight its exquisite foliage and overall health, mimicking its tropical ancestry. It is often considered best suited for intermediate to advanced Aroid growers due to its specific humidity and temperature demands.

Table 1: Quick Care Guide for Anthurium King of Spades

Care Factor	Requirement Description
Light	Bright, indirect light. Avoid harsh direct sun.
Temperature	Ideal range: 18-27°C (65-80°F). Protect from cold drafts.
Humidity	Moderate to high humidity (60% or more) preferred. Essential for pristine leaves and unfurling.
Watering	Water deeply when top 1 inch of soil is dry. Ensure consistent moisture but not soggy. Ensure good drainage. Avoid overwatering.
Soil	Well-draining, airy, chunky potting mix (aroid mix, orchid mix: coco coir, bark, perlite, peat moss).
Fertilization	Balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted, every 4-6 weeks in spring/summer. Withhold in fall/winter.
Pruning	Remove old/damaged leaves. Minimal pruning for shape.
Repotting	Every 2-3 years, or when root-bound, in spring. Increase pot size slightly.
Support	Not a vertical climber; generally forms an upright clump.

3.1. Light Requirements

Bright, indirect light is ideal for Anthurium ‘King of Spades’. This is crucial for maintaining its unique coloration and promoting healthy growth. Place your plant near a window that receives plenty of ambient light but is shielded from harsh direct sunbeams, especially during the midday and afternoon hours. Avoid harsh rays that can scorch the leaves. Conversely, insufficient light can lead to slower growth and less vibrant foliage. Regularly rotating the plant ensures even light exposure and balanced growth.

3.2. Temperature and Humidity

As a plant from warm, humid tropical regions, Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ prefers consistently warm temperatures, ideally ranging from 18-27°C (65-80°F). It’s crucial to protect it from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes, as temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can stress the plant, halt growth, and cause leaf damage.

Moderate to high humidity (60% or more) is preferred by Anthurium ‘King of Spades’. Optimal growth and pristine leaf appearance are achieved with higher moisture levels. Signs of insufficient humidity might include crispy brown leaf edges or tips, or new leaves struggling to unfurl properly. You can increase humidity by using a room humidifier. Grouping the plant with other humidity-loving plants or placing its pot on a pebble tray filled with water (ensuring the pot itself doesn’t sit in the water) can also help create a more humid microclimate. Misting the leaves regularly can also be helpful.

3.3. Watering Practices

Proper watering is critical for Anthurium ‘King of Spades’. The soil should be consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply when the top 1 inch (2.5 cm) of soil feels dry. Ensure that the pot has excellent drainage holes and that any excess water drains out completely from the bottom. Never allow the plant to sit in standing water, as this is the primary cause of root rot. Overwatering is a common issue for this plant.

The frequency of watering will depend on environmental factors like light, temperature, and humidity, as well as the pot size and soil mix. Expect to water more often during the warmer, active growing months (spring and summer), typically weekly. During the cooler, dormant months of fall and winter, reduce watering frequency significantly, allowing the soil to dry out more thoroughly between waterings.

3.4. Optimal Soil Mix and Repotting

A well-draining, airy, and chunky potting mix is essential for Anthurium ‘King of Spades’. This mimics the loose, organic matter it would find in its native epiphytic or terrestrial environment. An ideal mix should promote good aeration while retaining sufficient moisture. A suitable blend, often referred to as an “aroid mix” or “orchid mix,” can include:

High-quality potting mix (e.g., coco coir or peat moss)
Orchid bark (approximately 30-40%) for excellent aeration and chunkiness
Perlite or pumice (approximately 20-30%) to improve drainage and prevent compaction
Horticultural charcoal (optional, smaller amounts) for moisture retention and impurity absorption

Repotting: Repot your Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ typically every 2-3 years, or when you notice it has become root-bound (roots growing out of drainage holes, water running straight through the pot too quickly, stunted growth). Spring is the best time to repot. Choose a new pot that is only slightly larger (e.g., one size up) than the previous one, ensuring it has ample drainage.

3.5. Fertilization Strategies

During the growing season (spring and summer), fertilize your Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ every four to six weeks with a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength. This provides the necessary nutrients to support vigorous growth and maintain its lush foliage. Reduce or completely stop fertilizing during the fall and winter months when the plant’s growth naturally slows. Over-fertilization can lead to salt buildup in the soil, which can burn the roots and cause leaf damage (e.g., crispy brown tips). Always water the plant thoroughly before applying fertilizer to protect the roots.

3.6. Pruning and Maintenance

Regular pruning is beneficial for Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ to maintain its appearance and remove any unhealthy foliage. Remove any yellowing, brown, or dead leaves using clean, sharp scissors or pruning shears. Pruning can be done during the active growing season. Regularly wipe the leaves gently with a soft, damp cloth to remove dust, which improves the plant’s ability to photosynthesize and keeps the unique velvety texture and prominent veining visible. As a terrestrial, clumping plant, it does not typically require vertical support.

4. Propagation Techniques: Expanding Your Collection

Propagating Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is possible, though it can be challenging and often requires patience. The most common and effective method is using division or stem cuttings. The best time for propagation is during the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing.

4.1. Division (for mature plants)

For larger, mature plants, division is an effective method during repotting. Gently separate sections of the plant, ensuring each new section has healthy roots and foliage attached, and then pot them up individually in well-draining aroid mix.

4.2. Stem Cuttings

Select a Healthy Stem: Choose a healthy, mature stem section that has at least one node (the point where a leaf emerges from the stem) and preferably one or two healthy leaves.
Sterilize Tools: Always use clean, sharp, and sterilized pruning shears or a knife to make your cuts. This prevents the spread of diseases.
Make the Cut: Cut the stem just below a node. Remove any lower leaves that would be submerged in your chosen rooting medium to prevent rot.
Rooting Hormone (Optional): Applying a rooting hormone (powder or gel) to the cut end can stimulate faster and more robust root development.
Rooting Medium Options:
- Water Propagation: Place the cutting in a clear jar with fresh, filtered water, ensuring the node is fully submerged. Change the water every few days to keep it clean and prevent bacterial growth. Roots typically begin to form within several weeks.
- Sphagnum Moss: Plant the cutting in moist, but not soggy, sphagnum moss. This medium provides excellent aeration and moisture retention, often leading to robust root development.
- Aroid Soil Mix: You can also plant the cutting directly into a small pot filled with a well-draining, airy aroid potting mix. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy.
Provide Optimal Environment: Place your cuttings in a warm location that receives bright, indirect light. High humidity (e.g., within a propagation box or covered with a clear plastic bag to create a mini-greenhouse effect) will significantly accelerate the rooting process and help new leaves unfurl.
Potting Up: Once the roots are a few inches long (for water or moss propagation), or significant new leaf growth is visible (for soil propagation), your new plant is ready to be transitioned to a larger pot with its permanent potting mix. Be gentle to minimize transplant shock.

5. Troubleshooting Common Issues: Pests, Diseases, and Environmental Stress

While exquisitely beautiful, Anthurium ‘King of Spades’ is sensitive to improper care and environmental fluctuations. Prompt identification and action are crucial for maintaining its health.

Table 2: Common Problems & Troubleshooting for Anthurium King of Spades

Problem	Symptoms	Solutions/Treatment
Yellowing Leaves	Older, lower leaves turning yellow.	Overwatering (most common), insufficient light, nutrient deficiency, natural aging. Adjust watering, fertilize, check roots for rot.
Brown Crispy Edges/Tips	Leaves browning and feeling crispy at edges.	Low humidity (most common), underwatering, direct sun exposure, mineral build-up from tap water. Increase humidity, adjust watering, use filtered water, move to indirect light.
Drooping Leaves	Leaves losing turgor, looking limp.	Underwatering (most common), severe overwatering (root rot), cold shock. Check soil moisture, inspect roots, ensure warmth.
Stunted Growth/Smaller Leaves	Slow growth, new leaves are smaller than typical.	Insufficient light, nutrient deficiency, root-bound. Provide brighter light, fertilize, repot.
New Leaves Sticking/Tearing	New leaves struggle to unfurl, get stuck, or tear.	Low humidity (most common). Increase humidity.
Pest Infestations	Visible pests (mealybugs, spider mites, thrips, scale), sticky residue, distorted growth.	Isolate plant, treat with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or appropriate pesticides.
Root Rot	Mushy stem base, black/brown, foul-smelling roots, yellowing/wilting.	Overwatering, poor drainage. Repot, trim rotten roots, improve drainage, reduce watering.
Fungal Leaf Spot	Various spots on leaves (e.g., brown spots).	Improve air circulation, reduce humidity if too high, remove affected leaves. Fungicides if severe.

5.1. Watering Issues

Overwatering: This is a common cause of problems. Symptoms include yellowing leaves (particularly older, lower ones), black/brown spots on leaves, a mushy stem base, and a foul, moldy smell from the soil. This eventually leads to root rot.
- Solution: Allow the top 1 inch (2.5 cm) of soil to dry out completely between waterings. Ensure the pot has excellent drainage. If root rot is suspected, unpot the plant, trim any rotted, mushy roots, and repot in fresh, well-draining soil. Reduce watering frequency. Ensure the soil is consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Underwatering: Symptoms include drooping or curled leaves, crispy brown edges or tips, and overall dull foliage. The plant may visibly droop when thirsty.
- Solution: Increase watering frequency. Ensure you are watering thoroughly so that water drains from the bottom of the pot, indicating the entire root ball has been moistened.

5.2. Light Issues

Insufficient Light: Can lead to slower growth, smaller leaves, and less prominent coloration or veining.
- Solution: Move the plant to a location that receives bright, indirect light. Consider supplementing with a grow light if natural light levels are consistently low.
Too Much Direct Light: Harsh direct sun, especially during midday, can cause leaf scorch. Symptoms include brown, crispy patches or a faded appearance on the leaves.
- Solution: Relocate the plant to a spot with filtered light, or use a sheer curtain to diffuse intense sunlight.

5.3. Humidity and Temperature Stress

Low Humidity: This is a common issue for Anthurium ‘King of Spades’. It often causes the leaf edges or tips to turn brown and crispy. New leaves might struggle to unfurl properly and could become distorted or tear.
- Solution: Increase ambient humidity (aiming for 60% or more) using a humidifier. Grouping plants together or using a pebble tray filled with water (ensuring the pot itself doesn’t sit in the water) can also help create a more humid microclimate. Misting the leaves regularly can also be helpful.
Cold Stress: Exposure to temperatures below 15°C (59°F) can severely stress the plant, leading to leaf damage, wilting, and overall decline.
- Solution: Ensure the plant is in a consistently warm environment (18-27°C / 65-80°F is ideal) and protected from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes from windows or air vents.

5.4. Pests

Common houseplant pests like mealybugs, spider mites, thrips, and scale can occasionally infest Anthurium ‘King of Spades’.

Symptoms: Visible insects (mealybugs with white, cottony masses; spider mites with fine webbing; thrips with silver streaks and black frass; scale with hard, immobile bumps), sticky residue (honeydew), or speckled, distorted leaves.
Solution: Regularly inspect your plant, especially the undersides of leaves and in the crevices. Isolate infested plants immediately. Treat with appropriate organic pest control methods such as insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increasing humidity can help deter spider mites.

5.5. Diseases

Root Rot: This is a serious fungal disease, almost always a result of overwatering and poorly draining soil.
- Symptoms: Mushy stem base, black/brown, foul-smelling roots, yellowing/wilting leaves (even when the soil is wet).
- Solution: Immediately remove the plant from its pot. Carefully inspect the roots and prune away all affected (mushy, black) sections with sterilized shears. Repot the plant in fresh, well-draining aroid mix, and adjust your watering schedule to allow the soil to dry adequately between waterings.
Fungal Leaf Spot: Can appear as various spots on the leaves (e.g., brown spots).
- Solution: Improve air circulation around the plant, reduce overly high humidity, and remove affected leaves. Fungicides may be used in severe cases.

6. Conclusion: Enjoying Your Thriving Anthurium King of Spades

Anthurium ‘King of Spades’, with its exquisite large, dark, velvety leaves and prominent veining, is a truly captivating and rewarding plant to cultivate. By consistently providing it with bright, indirect light, appropriate watering (consistent moisture but not soggy soil), high humidity, stable warm temperatures, and a well-draining, airy soil mix, you can ensure your ‘King of Spades’ thrives. While it demands meticulous attention to its specific needs, the reward of nurturing its unique beauty and watching its impressive leaves unfold will bring immense satisfaction and a distinctive touch of tropical opulence to your indoor space.